England Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Britain - Assignment Example Players in the business needed to advance extraordinary measures by the commitment of enormous limits in order to help the moderately compromised client base particularly because of the worldwide monetary emergency which had its belongings in the UK before the finish of 2009.It has been accounted for that the worldwide shipments of the items have been developing by 4% every year upheld significantly by the imports from the US ,Japan and South Africa .The Japanese market has been settling at present making expanding influences in the neighborhood showcase and empowering the expanding steadiness of the UK advertise an attainable wonder. By January the import of our organization remained at 7% and the shipments to outside branches remained at 3.1 %.The anticipated deals of champagne in the year 2012 is relied upon to be 35.5M. Deals is one of the most significant parts of a business ,anyway it needs to elevate duty to evade the drawn out consequences for their image and to dodge the disintegrating of the business. The size of the business has been becoming over the earlier years, anyway it got a significant log jam because of the effects of the worldwide financial downturn. In spite of the financial difficulties confronting the globe by and by, the deals are steady and generally high during the bubbly seasons in addition to there are new developing markets inside the nation offering the champagne business new roads for significant deals. The ports that are utilized by our organization for the importation of our offices and significantly for our items need to meet the model for effectiveness and must be secure .the port must be flexible ,have decent variety of traffic and the charges must be serious and sensible for the undertaking of our sort to maintain a strategic distance from additional contribution to the framework. The organization has been utilizing the Bristol port for quite a while for its delivery obligations since it is satisfying the guidelines put by the administration and the partners in the organization. Our

Prehistoric, Egyptian and Mesopotamian Civilizations Essay

Ancient, Egyptian and Mesopotamian Civilizations - Essay Example The exposition Ancient, Egyptian and Mesopotamian Civilizations outlines a portion of the commitments from the Prehistoric, Egyptian and Mesopotamian Civilizations that despite everything impact the cutting edge world. For example, the financial, that we practice in the advanced occasions, is significantly affected by the pre-noteworthy occasions. Essential ceramics and articles utilized in the homes of individuals are the commitments of the pre-noteworthy civic establishments. There are different commitments that the Egyptian progress made as far as humanistic grounds that are broadly drilled in the current occasions. In spite of the underlying absence of letters in order, Egyptians had the option to imagine the craft of articulation through composition. Egyptians additionally made an earth shattering commitment to cosmology. They made a schedule based on forecast of a shroud that was trailed by planting seeds and collecting the yields. Likewise, Egyptian human advancement contributed in the field of clinical as they had the option to safeguard the dead bodies by utilizing mixes and blends. In this comparable way, they had the option to attempt medical procedure. Mesopotamian human advancements left the apparatus for example craft of making antiques that are utilized to speak to the thoughts and innovation of the past for people in the future. The water system framework utilized in the current occasions has the base from the Mesopotamian human advancement. Through the above evaluation of various commitments from the three civic establishments, it very well may be expressed that current occasions are brimming with solaces and apparatuses that were made in the past by our predecessors.

Blog Archive MBA News Kenan-Flagler Announces New Dean

Blog Archive MBA News Kenan-Flagler Announces New Dean On February 1, Meade H. Willis Distinguished Professor of Taxation Douglas Shackelford will take over as the new dean of the University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill Kenan-Flagler Business School. Shackelford will replace John P. Evans, who has served as interim dean of the school since July 2013â€"when Kenan-Flagler’s former dean, James Dean, Jr., was made provost. “Doug is uniquely qualified to serve as the next dean of UNC Kenan-Flagler,” stated the school’s provost in a press release from the school, adding, “He is a seasoned academic leader and an internationally recognized scholar and business educator.” Shackelford has served as associate dean of the school’s online program, MBA@UNC, since 2010, and previously as senior associate dean for academic affairs (2003 to 2007) and associate dean of the Master of Accounting Program from (1998 to 2002). He is also the director and founder of the UNC Tax Center and a research associate in public economics at the National Bureau of Economic Research. Share ThisTweet News University of North Carolina (Kenan-Flagler)

Introduction to Consumer Surplus

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1408 Words

The Great Gatsby by F Scott Fitzgerald encounters challenges within different social classes, specifically amongst the rich and the poor. During the early 1920’s, a persons’ social class would heavily impact how their daily lives were structured. In the novel, Gatsby’s character originally comes from a poor family, and he maneuvers his way up the social hierarchy in order to impress the girl of his dreams, Daisy Buchanan. Daisy on the other hand, was born into a family of wealth, which is a result of her never having to work for her societal reputation. Daisy’s attitude also reflects her social status and this continues to unfold as her character develops. In The Great Gatsby, the motif of color reiterates itself on numerous occasions,†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"You always have a green light that burns all night at the end of your dock† (Fitzgerald 92). In this passage, Gatsby is talking to Daisy about her house and how he can see it every night. This shows the reader that Gatsby pays very close attention to Daisy and he notices subtleties about her life. The fact that Gatsby knows the light where Daisy lives burns all night means that he has stayed up at least once watching the light all night long. Gatsby’s persistence to win Daisy over is evident in this passage and he wants Daisy to see how much he desires her attention. This whole image Gatsby has in his head of himself and Daisy is truly unrealistic especially because she is married and Gatsby knows that. Gatsby will wait up all night long gazing at Daisy’s dock light, yet she does not reciprocate the same intense emotions that Gatsby is pouring out to her. His unattainable future remains, as he still attempts to win Daisy over, even though she is already married to someone else. Gatsby believes in this green light, in a similar way that he believes in Daisy; that she will leave her husband in order to spend the rest of her days with Gatsby. The gr een light shines all night and Daisy is present all day, this represents the amount of time Gatsby spends thinking about Daisy, which is all day and all night. In addition to the color green, yellow, shows the symbolism of Daisy’s ignorance and attitude towards society. Daisy knows that Gatsby is all over

Implications Of The Thesis How Flx Affect Neural...

In this study, one of the most common prescribed SSRIs, FLX will be utilized. SSRIs block the reuptake of 5-HT thereby increasing the extracellular concentration of 5-HT in the synaptic cleft available thereby altering normal synaptic and neural function. Due to the fact that monoamines and monoamine metabolism is essential and obligatory for normal neural development this proposal will focus on how FLX affect neural development using the following approaches. Clutches of embryos will be staged according to Townsend and Stewart [TS 1-15; 1 = newly laid egg, 15 = hatching] (67). FLX will be dissolved in culture water (40% DDW and 60% tap water) at different concentrations [(experimental embryo cultures- EEC) 0.10  µM, 0.20  µM, 100  µM,†¦show more content†¦Hensler (2002) demonstrated in rats that were chronically injected (ip) with FLX showed a decrease 5-HT1A expression in the raphe nuclei. Further, 5-HT2B receptors have been shown to be involved in brain development (Lin et al., 2004) particularly in migrating cranial neural crest cells in the mouse (Choi et al., 1997). Moiseiwitsh and Lauder (1995) also showed that 5-HT has a dose-dependent effect on cranial neural crest migration, suggesting that neural crest migration is disrupted at high concentrations. Silva et al. (2010) demonstrated that postnatal FLX treatment in rats decreased the number of serotonin and serotonergic terminals in the dorsal raphe nuclei; sugge sting neuroplasticity dysfunction causes impaired development of the serotonergic system. The c-Fos-immunoreactivity (c-Fos-IR), in response to cellular intra- or extracellular signals, is a useful tool and has been used by many scientists to detect specific brain regions that regulate neurotransmissions. Immunohistochemistry will also be undertaken using c-Fos primary antisera to determine c-Fos during hypothalamic development. Changes in c-Fos-IR have been demonstrated in animals and in vitro studies after a chronic or acute FLX treatment. For example, acute treatment of rats with antidepressants displayed increased c-Fos expression in 59 of 64 brain structures. Interestingly, FLX did not induce c-Fos expression in the raphe nuclei but significant upregulation of

A Report on Marketing Strategy and Plan in the American Market

Question: Our project about produce vegtebales and fruits . our target market college students Young People And Non Families. Do just these : 1.Who is the target market for this opportunity? 2. What are some compelling documented facts or trends to support this is a real, attractive opportunity? o How large is your target market segment (# people, disposable income, etc)? Answer: Introduction: The report aims at providing a deep insight into the marketing strategy and plan of a firm dealing with fresh vegetable and fruits. The firm that is highlighted here is Dole Food Company Inc. This is an American based agricultural MNC, with its headquarters at Westlake village, California. 1. Target Market: Dole manufactures food items such as pineapples, strawberries, bananas, grapes, salads and other frozen fruits and juices. Dole has mainly targeted the young people and the college students of America for their marketing strategy (Government of Alberta, 2015). There is an evidence of the poor nutritional quality of food sold to children and as a result of this, several companies in America have pledged through a program called Childrens food and beverage advertising for betterment of food for children. 2. Benefits of the Opportunity: The target market will remain the same the juice will grow with them. Buying at a younger age will ensure the prolonged stay of the juices in the market and it will result into a steady growth of revenue for the company (Government of Alberta, 2015).. America has been struggling with problems such as obesity and diabetes in the last few decades. For this individual mainly young people are now more conscious about a healthier but still a tastier lifestyle. Naked Juice is the choice of young people of America today. Beyond that a healthier lifestyle is becoming synonymous to a higher standard of life nowadays. Having the target market as the young college goers is a positive setback as they are the people who want an established higher standard of living in the society Size of Target Market Segment: The size of the target market segment is considered to be large as the youth population is on a growth every year ever since after 2011 in the United States (Daily Times, 2015).. Most of the Americans do not have healthy skin which is due to the lack of vitamin A for which the skin conscious people of America are demanding more fruits like Papaya, Fruits that are rich in antioxidants can also help prevent cancer. This would give an additional boost to the company. References: Daily Times,. (2015). Fruits and vegetables export : Exploration of new markets proves beneficial. Retrieved 14 February 2015, from https://www.dailytimes.com.pk/business/03-Feb-2014/fruits-and-vegetables-export-exploration-of-new-markets-proves-beneficial Government of Alberta, C. (2015). Consumer Trends for Fruit and Vegetable Products. Www1.agric.gov.ab.ca. Retrieved 14 February 2015, from https://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/sis8439

Serratia Marcescens Lab Report Essay Example

Serratia Marcescens Lab Report Paper In bacteria, temperature, pH, and other chemical agents a II affect the expression of genes. In this lab, the effect of temperature change on the gene which codes for a red pigment called prognosis of bacterium Seer TIA mercenaries is being tested. Seriate mercenaries is usually found in OSI I and plants, and the accumulation of prognosis in the bacterial cells makes them appear red. Prognosis is produced only at certain temperatures, so b y regulating the temperature in which Seriate mercenaries is cultured, the optimum temperature for the most prognosis to be produced can be tested. Purpose The purpose of this lab is to observe the effect of temperature c anger on the production of the pigment prognosis by the back terbium Seriate mercenaries, and also to determine whether previous culture conditions affect gene expression. Hypothesis If the bacteria is cultured in 27 , then it will produce more prognosis than the bacteria cultured in 37 Regardless of the first culture conditions, the bacteria recaptured in 27 co will produce more prognosis than the bacteria recaptured in 37 Materials see attached lab, materials, page 25 Independent Variable: Temperature (in Celsius) Dependent Variable: Amount of prognosis produced Methods/Procedures see attached lab, procedures, page 2527 Data see attached lab, data, page 25, 26 Analysis 1. You should label the bottom off Petri dish instead of the top because this way, the lids will not accidentally be sit ached. We will write a custom essay sample on Serratia Marcescens Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Serratia Marcescens Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Serratia Marcescens Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is also easier to read the label if it is on the bottom, because the Petri dishes will be put into the incubator upside down to minimize condensation. 2. You must not touch a non sterile surface with the applicant or tip before obtaining the innocuous from the stock culture because the applicator tip might become contaminated, which would compromise the experiment. 3. You should lift the lid of the Petri dish only 23 CM rather t Han remove it completely in order to keep as little of any thing other than the bacteria from contaminating or getting into the Petri dish. . If I cultured two samples of bacteria and grew them at 32 co , I predict that the samples will produce less prognosis (be less red) than the bacteria cultured in 27 co , but produce more prognosis (be more red) than the bacteria cultured in 37 co 5. If the new cultured were grown at 37 for 8 hours, then at 27 for 24 hours, I predict hat the bacteria will produce prognosis (be red) because according to the data, the c onditions of the recapture have more of an effect on the production of prognosis than the conditions of the initial culture. . The temperature at which the bacteria were originally re cultured has more effect on the production of prognosis t Han the temperature at which the bacteria were originally cultured. Both samples recaptured in 27 were red, meaning that they produced prognosis, regardless of their initial culture c notations, while both samples recaptured at 37 ere white, signifying the absence of prognosis production, also regardless of their original culture conditions. 7. Prognosis is not only a pigment; it is also an antibiotic. Its function may be to kill other microorganisms which might be harmful to the Seriate mercenaries that live in the same temperature range. 8. An advantage of the temperature sensitivity of prognosis proud action might be that the bacteria would only produce it when needed d. The ability to control the production of prognosis according to temperature helps the bacteria to synthesize the pigment helps it o not produce excess prognosis when it is not needed. Conclusion My hypothesis, which was that the bacteria cultured in 27 co will produce more prognosis than the bacteria cultured in 37 , and also that the bacteria recaptured in 27 (regardless of the original culture conditions) will produce more p Rodings than the bacteria recaptured in 37 (also regardless of the original culture condition s), was supported. The S. Mercenaries cultured in 27 turned red, indicating the production of pro disposing, while the S. Mercenaries cultured in remained white, indicating that no prognosis was synthesized.

Sample Essay on the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

Sample Essay on the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Sample Essay on the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DARPA is an advanced research projects agency. This agency functions as a part of the Department of Defense for the United States. They are responsible for developing new technologies primarily for the use by the US military. It was under President Dwight D Eisenhower that the organization was created at the beginning of 1958. This organization was founded in order to research and develop projects which expanded what we knew of science and technology, something which was designed to go beyond our immediate military needs. The administration created the organization in response to the Soviet launching Sputnik, with the overarching goal of making sure the United States military would have more sophisticated technology than any potential enemies. In spite of the fact that the organization name has been changed multiple times the internal structure with this sole mission remains the same. As time has moved forward the projects overseen by this organization have changed their focus on hypersonic research, aerospace planes, and strategic computing programs. Interstellar travel has become the main point of discussions of more recent symposiums. This branch is independent from any other research associated with the military; rather than responding to the military chain of command it responds directly to the Department of Defense. As of right now, there are 240 personnel working for the entity and the budget is set at 3 billion dollars. Some of the projects funded by this organization have offered significant technological advances in things such as graphical user interfaces as well as computer networking. The branch has many program offices all of which report to the director. Each program office covers a different project area. There is the Information Office, the Micro Systems Technology Office, the Tactical Technology Office, the Strategic Technology Office, the Adaptive Execution Office, the Defense Sciences Office, and the Biological Technologies Office. Over the course of this nearly six decades long history, this organization has successfully completed many advanced research projects such as the wearable jetpack where soldiers could run at faster speeds, cancer research, a humanoid robots, technologies for the 6th generation jet fighters, anti-submarine warfare vessels, acoustic gunfire locators, combat zone surveillance cameras, reusable space transport, long-range anti-ship missiles, battery powered human exoskeletons, higher producing computer systems, lightweight autonomy, and ground technology. This of course is only a very limited list of all of the projects overseen by this organization. Overall, what was started as a response to a potential Soviet threat has quickly become one of the most relied upon organizations for any scientific and technological related developments. With the overarching goal of remaining technologically advanced in comparison to potential enemies, the United States military has been able to successfully complete a multitude of projects under the 3 billion dollar budget for this branch all of which have garnered a great deal of success and even those which were not necessarily successful themselves offered information and insight essential to pursue additional avenues. This organization is something President Dwight D Eisenhower would be really proud of. References: Belfiore, Michael P. The Department Of Mad Scientists. [Washington, D.C.]: Smithsonian Books, 2009. Print. Buehler, Martin, Karl Iagnemma, and Sanjiv Singh. The DARPA Urban Challenge. Berlin: Springer, 2009. Print. DARPA Neural Network Study. Fairfax, Va., USA: AFCEA International Press, 1988. Print. Drezner, Jeffrey A, Geoffrey Sommer, and Robert S Leonard. Innovative Management In The DARPA High Altitude Endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Program. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1999. Print. Jacobsen, Annie. The Pentagons Brain. Print. Roland, Alex and Philip Shiman. Strategic Computing. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2002. Print. Rouff, Chris and Michael G Hinchey. Experience From The DARPA Urban Challenge. London: Springer-Verlag London Limited, 2012. Print.

Develop Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Develop - Assignment Example With the aid of slides, the computer system will also contain instruction handout to be distributed to students in soft copy. Others include The labor mobility training program is included in the circular in the institutional training package. As such, learners already have a slight exposure concerning such a program. Besides, many professionals including human resource personnels perceived such a program as an important element within every organization since it forms the backbone of productivity of the institution (Wankel & DeFillippi, 2003). It is important for the mobility training program to be delivered to learners within the organizational environment. The availability of working environment and infrastructure are considered towards the delivery of such a training program (Wankel & DeFillippi, 2003).The coursework is developed in such a way that all the learning procedures to suite employees from different departments both the staff and the executives in a similar, but distinct training platform. The package developed will allow for scalability and enhance learning from a simple training domain through real life working environment situations. The main focus of the above part of the revision is to provide an assessment and identification of areas within the training program that may require adjustments. For the labor mobility training program, evaluation of the feedback assessment procedure will be used to determine if indeed the students understood the coursework of the study. Simple questions with very brief answers will form part of the assessment. Some of the questions would require a practical effort while others will be moderated in form of multiple choices. After the final integration of the courseware into the training program, it is important to conduct a prototype training test. Such a test will be carried out for the duration of three weeks as planned by the training department. A good number

Types of love Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Types of love - Research Paper Example ?strong affection for another arising out of kinship or personal ties or an attraction based on sexual desire or an affection based on admiration†(Love). Based on the above definition, different types of love existing in this world which are described in this paper. According to Pausanias, a person who attended Plato’s symposium â€Å"one type of love is "common", based on sensuality, works at random, and produces children, the other love is "heavenly", based on companionship, involves mental and soul oriented pursuits, and produces virtue (Galloway). In other words love has spiritual and material meanings. The love between God and his believers is an example of spiritual love. Moreover the love based on blood relations can also be considered as spiritual love. A male and female in love affairs is another example of spiritual or divine love. Spiritual love is always unconditional since it occurs between the spirits. For example, a mother will never put any conditions for loving her children. In fact her children were the part of his body and spirit and therefore she cannot set any conditions for her love towards her children. Same way, God also loves his believers unconditionally since the soul or the spirit residing in everyone is obta ined from the God. Passionate love is a form of spiritual love. It has three components: Cognitive, Emotional and Behavioral (Types of Love). True love between the a husband and wife is an example for passionate love. Such loves can be labeled as romantic love. In romantic love, sex is often a factor. Even though sex is a factor in their love affair, it may not matter if they love deeply. Because of their passionate love, often the loss of one may affect the other because of the strong emotional bondage between the two. However, male –female relationships need not be romantic in nature always. For example, the love between a prostitute and her customer cannot be labeled as a passionate love. It is definitely a material love

Body Language In Intercultural Communications Cultural Studies Essay

Body Language In Intercultural Communications Cultural Studies Essay With the international communication becoming closer,except the verbal communication in daily life, we may encounter many body languages. These body languages can express their mood or even substitute one sentence. Therefore, in order to understand the intercultural communication better, this dissertation first introduces the relationship between culture and language, then briefly explains what body language is and its function in intercultural communication, subsequently, briefly analyses the differences of the same body language in different cultures. At last, the dissertation suggests that when studying English language, one cant ignore the huge body language, it will be helpful with our English study. Key words: Language; culture; body language; intercultural communication I. Introduction With the international communication becoming more and more frequently, Chinese people may have many chances to get in touch with foreigners. They always use many body languages with their talk. It is a funny phenomena. Shakespeare said Theres language in her eyes, her cheek, her lip, Nay, her foot speaks. Indeed, these body language not only can make their word lively, but also express the speakers mood, or even substitute a sentence. What the body language means when they use for communication?This is the necessary knowledge of English study. Any kind of body language is formed on the foundation of culture. Without understanding the true meaning of a body language, it will embarrass or make mistake. Therefore, this dissertation will analysis the differences of same body language in the different cultures and suggest to study English on the premise of understanding their culture. II. Literature review 2.1 Culture and language 2.1.1 Culture The definition of culture is evolving as time passes. In the west, at first it was used to describe some ability of person which represent a form of act. Then culture used to describe the real achievement of a instructed person. And in 1952, a book of Alfred L. Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn named Culture. A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions was give a general definition based on more than 160 kinds of cultures definition which was identified by modern east and west academic circle. And in China, its meaning was that with the understanding of all phenomena of human social, govern the world with instructing and inspiring. In the Confucian concept, wen not only means word, but also refer to all the rules of etiquette and music in general. In ancient Chinese language, culture meant guiding people with ethics. Culture is a complex concept and changing with human social. However, the word culture is most commonly used in three basic senses: Excellence of taste in the fine arts and humanities, also known as high culture An integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and social learning The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization or group 2.1.2 Language Language is the important thinking and communicating tool of human being. With language people can keep and pass human civilization achievement. In general, any nation has its own language. It is a notable character of a nation and has long history. Language is closely related with thought. It is the carrier and exhibition form of thought. Language is a social phenomenon with stability and nationality. Though many animals can make sound to express their emotion or deliver message, these sounds are regular without change. Only person have language and can combine all the sounds that have no meaning to become a meaningful morpheme, then put these morphemes together in many ways to form utterance. Using infinite changing form to express infinite changing meaning. 2.1.3 The relationship between language and culture Culture and language are mutual dependence and can not be separated. Language is part of culture, it is the media of culture communication. We use language to communicate, and language is largely influenced by culture. The relationship between culture and language is on the foundation of nation. A nation produces language, at the same time produces culture. Edward Sapir thought that language can not exist without culture. The culture we talk about is social custom and belief. It can decide our life structure. Linguistician Palmer said that language faithfully reflects all the history and culture, game and amusement, belief and prejudice of a nation. As a part of nations culture, language reflects the nations visage, at the same time, language reflects the content of culture as form. Language is the important carrier of culture. Other carriers such as historical site, book, or painting, only show part or even a corner of culture. But language stores all the information of culture comprehensively. Language consists of voice, vocabulary and grammar. Vocabulary, especially the notional word, bear the important responsibility of carrying culture. Time passes, and many new words are coming into being, such as virtual floating, means netizens put their worries and secrets in the virtual bottle without knowing who will get it. All of these are anonymous. And kickback, the original of this word is that the International Olympic Committee will open an ethics investigation into Issa Hayatou over allegations the African football official took kickbacks from FIFAs former marketing agency. But these new words hardly possible become part of culture. Only those language fact that integrate into the bottom life deeply, chosen and washed out by history, enter the basic nation voc abulary is the sign of language affect culture profoundly. For example, Buddhism have been spreaded about 2000 years. Some words like free, retribution, disengagement, hell are coming from Buddhism. These words have already integrated into Chinese become part of it. Culture has effect on language semiotic system itself, language concept, thought and expression, and language learning. Nation culture is decided by the meaning of vocabulary. Different culture tradition and mentality have definitively function to it. Such as dragon, the western people have no favor to it, they thought it is monster, cruel person, stand for devil. But in ancient Chinese culture it stands for the son of heaven and the emperor, lucky and honorable. The reference content and way of culture are decided by the cultures person and persons culture. For example, Cantonese cant see snow for the whole year, so they do not distinguish ice and snow in concept. The northman say à ¥Ã¢â‚¬  Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ £Ã‚ , and Cantonese say à ©Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ªÃƒ ¦Ã‚ Ã‚ ¡. But the Eskimo who live in arctic pole always contact with snow and have a perceptive. There are more than 20 kinds of words used to describe different snow. As the carrier and express tool of thought, language promote the developm ent of thought, on the other hand, language is restricted by thought. For instance, Chinese say à §Ã‚ Ã‚ «Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¦, that is à §Ã‚ Ã‚ « and à ¨Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¦, looking into the physics function of à §Ã‚ Ã‚ « and à ¦Ã‚ ±Ã‚ ½. But in English, there is railway train, look into the move way of rail and track. To understand the culture of English countries is the important step of English study. The research of language and culture is divided into language culture and language in culture. So culture is divided into two part: big culture and small culture.(Bright, 1976) Here is a form: language Big culture other cultural phenomena Culture Verbal language Small culture Non-verbal language Body language is the important part of non-verbal language. Non-verbal language and culture are learned behaviour and social custom that rich in long history heritage. The relationship between both have these characters in someone like Samovar etals eyes: culture and non-verbal language can not be divided. Many non-verbal languages are the result of learning culture. The shaping and impacting of non-verbal behaviour are always decided by determinate culture environment. It is very important to understand the relationship between culture and non-verbal language. (Samovar etal, 1981) Samovar thought that through understanding the basic represent mode of some cultures non-verbal language, we can search peoples behaviour and attitude. Through non-verbal language mode can understand a sort of cultures value system. Through the research of non-verbal language can exclude the narrow ethnocentrism. The most realistic signification of researching the relationship between culture and non-verba l language in intercultural communication is to resolve the culture conflict in non-verbal language. People always do not realize the learning of their own culture, but very sensitive with other cultures non-verbal language and easily produce misunderstand. Worth the whistle, the culture conflict brought by non-verbal language is serious than that brought by verbal language. Because non-verbal language always is the expression of sensibility and emotion. Samovar put forward that to resolve the non-verbal language culture conflict in international communication should remember the follow three principles when understand the meaning of other cultures non-verbal language: 1. When pay attention to the behaviour of a non-verbal language can not ignore that there are manifold non-verbal language cooperative work in real communication. 2. Anyone can not list and describe all the non-verbal language in any culture. But if we can understand exactly the information of some usually used non-verbal language under the international communication environment, it will be helpful to understand the necessary information. 3. Only understand our cultures non-verbal language first, can we understand other cultures behaviour. Under international communication, to identify the message of non-verbal language should avoid modal or only notice superficies. Be sure to keep in mind that any non-verbal language does not appear lonely, nor deliver any message consciously. Pay special attention to that when study foreign language, international communication activity, and international research, for the need of communicating, studying and researching, people have to make a summation and generalization of the non-verbal language of the same country and the same language nation to sum up some representative non-verbal language. However, in real communication, people must find that the non-verbal language in the same country and nation are not just the same. Even in the same area, it is differ in thousands of ways between the people in different occupations, different age groups and different culture levels. Such as America which is famous for multinational immigrant living together, their non-verbal language are ver y hard to be consistent. So as the different English country, the differences are more further. III. Body language 3.1 Definition Body language is a way of communication that body movements which use head, eyes, neck, hands, arm, foot or other parts of the body to express peoples thought and emotions. Facial expressions, eye contact and other postures and gestures are the commonly used body movement. In a general sense of word, body language includes facial expression, in a narrow sense of word, body language only includes the meaning expressed by body and four limbs. The assortment of body language was advanced by Ruesch and Kees in 1956 according to the basic component of non-verbal language. It involves sign language, action language, and object language. The other assortment was advanced by M. Knapp in 1978 through the analysis of some pertinent researching and literatures. That are body motion and kinesics behaviour, physical characteristics, touching behaviour, paralanguage, proxemics, artifacts, environmental factors. Subsequently, Jensen advanced another statement: body motion and gestures, attitudes to ward time, attitudes toward space, general habits in communication. The research of human body language can trace back to Aristotle in Greek. The formally research was beginning from Darwin. In his 1872 book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals put forward that man and animals have many similar expressions. The systemic research of body language must come first Ray Birdwhistell. His 1952 book Introduction to Kinesics put forward the theory of kinesics. Made the body language become a coding system like verbal language to study the relationship between body movement and communication. Body Language of Julius Fast is a representative work that reflects the research result of body language. This book is known as the summary of the scientists research in the body language field. From then on, body language becomes a boundary science and produces new research result continuously. According to estimates, human body can make out more than 270,000 kinds of posture and movement. This is far more than the sound made out by human body. These postures and movements meaning are very complex. Some are definite and material as some are general and blurry. Some are used to communicate as some are used to self-express. Some are expressing emotion message as some are reflecting character and attitude. So the sort of body language is very complex. The body language classification method of Ekman and Friesen has important effent in non-verbal language communication educational circles. According to all the movements origin, usage and code, they divided human face and bodys continuous movement into five parts: 1. Symbolic movement: these movements have clearly meaning, such as the gesture express OK and victory. Symbolic movement always used to substitute verbal language. In general, they have distinct culture character. For example, the movement means suicide, in Japan, people use hand to simulate dagger to thrust the abdomen, and in America, people use hand to simulate a gun shot temple. 2. Illustrative movement: these kind of movements cooperate with verbal language directly to explain the meaning of the talking. For example, to emphasize a sentence, describe a thought, indicate a material, depict a space relationship, characterize a things rhythm and speed, portray a phenomena , describe a body movement, explain a sentences meaning, etc. 3. Emotion revealing movement: mainly through facial expression to show emotion or mood, of course the other part of body can also express these emotion. Express the emotion can repeat, exaggerate,deny the verbal language, or may be no relationship with it. Express the emotion always deliver the message of communication unconscious, but also can use it in communicating conscious. 4. Modulation movement: this kind of movement is used for maintaining or adjusting the talk in the face-to-face talk. It drops a hint that the speaker can keep talking, repeat again, explain further, speak fast or more lively, let other people have a talk, etc. In recent years, people pay attention to the research of the turn-talking in chat. Turn-talking means that telling the opposite side I want to talk; stopping the speaker changing the topic; asking the other side to give me a speaking chance; let the other side keep talking; telling the others that I have finish my talking and you can speak. The usually used movement is head and eye movement. 5. Adaptable movement: Ekman and Friesen divide it more further: 1). Self-adaptable movement: this kind of movement always happen on personally, such as, holding own hand, rubbing hand, grabing, scratching, clutching, nipping, whisking or gathering the cloth. In general, the emotion is more disconcerting, the pretty actions are more distinguished. Picking nose and wiping eyes belong to this kind. 2). Transformational adaptable movement: this kind of movement take place in the connect with other people. Such as, bringing or delivering, attacking or protecting, close or away. Leg movement can react that encroach, footsie or attack. Shaking hand or foot means fidgety that the person want to avoid talking. 3). Object adaptable movement: this kind of movement always relate to the using of material, such as smoking and writing. 3.2 The function of body language in intercultural communication As the necessary communication tool, body language has important function in intercultural communication. Bradford J. Hall(2002) summarized the mainly function of body language language: 1. Repetition: Body language can reinforce the verbal language by repeating the verbal message nonverbally, such as using a gesture, it can help the receiver understand the message easily. For example, when someone ask you where is the restaurant, you can point a certain direction when you say, the restaurant is north the library. Or we point to the question on the book we just ask. 2. Substitution: Body language can be used to replace some verbal language to deliver a certain meaning. When your friend meet a sad thing that make him cry, you can give him a hug. This is more powerful than any soothing words. 3. Contradiction: Body language sometimes can betray the speaker by sending contradictory message to the verbal language. The body language is often regarded as the powerful word than the spoken words. For example, we cant keep our face from blushing even say we dont nervous or we cant slow down our heartbeat if we are scared. And the teacher can find a student is wandering from the eyesight even though his eyes are staring the blackboard. So the body language is reliable than the verbal language sometimes. 4. Accentuation: It can force the power when you add a body language with your talk than only use verbal language. When you apologize to someone, if an apology show on you face, this can make your apology more conviction. In addition, body language can provide a complement to the verbal language. In some countries, you can up you thumb as the same time you give a admiration to your friends for his good performance. 5. Regulation: The body language also helps us to control the situation of our talking. For example, when we need a quiet, we can put our finger on our lip. IV. The analysis of the differences of the same body language in different cultures 4.1 The different meaning of the same body language in different cultures Here contrast some body languages that usually used but have different meaning. If you use a very awful body language, this might bring a badly result. 1. In China, up the thumbs means good to praise you are doing a good job, bravo and so on. It is same in many countries. If thumbs down means disagree, finish or youre game over. But in Australia, no matter it up or down is obscene. 2. Protrude the index finger means wait a minute in America, but in Australia it means one more beer. 3. Protrude the little finger means cowardly man in England as bet in America. 4. The V for victory or peace sign in America if made with the palm facing inward is taunting or sneering in England. It is very offensive to societys morals. 5. American people sometimes up head, palm facing down, index finger across the throat, it means Im full. I cant eat anymore. But it means decapitation in China. 6. When Chinese people communicating with foreign people, the most antipathetic movement is using index finger point the others casual. Indeed, the movement is in bad taste and impolite to western people. This is reproof and rebuke. 7. Chinese male like to put hands on other mans shoulder for a long time. And Chinese female frequently take other womans hand closely for long time. These shock the foreigners because they consider this gesture means homosexual. 8. When Chinese people receive or send a cup of water or a gift, they will use two hands to accept it to show appreciate and admiration. But American people dont care about whether use one or two hands. 9. When talking with American people Chinese like to put their hands crossed behind their back or into their pockets. But these gestures make the American think you are hiding guns in your hands. 10. Chinese may scratch their noses when feeling uncomfortable. This is confused the western people because in their culture this movement means Im telling a lie. 4.2 Some embarrassing examples due to misunderstanding of body language Under the same culture, people may have misunderstanding because of the body language, even the different culture. Culture difference in different countries, so the body language can express different meaning. If we do not understand the other peoples meaning, it will have misunderstanding and displeasure. For Examples: Tom is the manager of an American company in China. Recently, Li Lei, one of the Chinese staff makes a mistake at work. He is very upset about what had happened, so he comes to Toms office to apologize. Entering the office with smile. He says: I feel terribly sorry for the mistake. I am here to make a sincerely apology to you and promise that it will never happen again. When he said this, the smile always on his face. But Tom feels it is hard to accept and ask himAre you sure? Li says yes with smile. Tom is angry and saysYou dont look sorry at all. If you really feel sorry, how can you still smile? Li feels so embarrassed and does not know what to do. A Chinese student Wangdan and her friend, the American student Judy who studys in China were on the way to store. They saw a boy fell down on the ground. He tried to stand up while the surrounding people laughed. Luckily he was ok. Judy was worried but found Wangdan was smiling too. She was very curious and asked how could you laugh when someone else fell down. Why dont you help him to stand up and ask him whether he was hurt. Wangdan said, Because they know he was not hurt too much. But Judy still couldnt understand. She said, In my culture, if this was happen, we would do anything but laugh. The former examples are all about the smile. In daily life we usually smile, but in different culture, this ordinary movement can bring misunderstanding or some more serious results. When western people come across these situations, they will with solemn face to apologize or come to console the boy. Though smile means happy, it is the symbol for people in general, but in different culture, smiling in the communication are different. The western people think smile always means happy, high in spirits or think something is funny. But Chinese people often smile, because it not only means humours and satisfaction, also means embarrassment and protection, even a kind of evadable. So it confuses the western people, they say it is too hard to understand. In China, people sometimes use smile to eliminate embarrassment, also means never mind, and the person smile to self-mockery or play a joke. But if the affair is very serious, people will provide help but laugh out of court. So for the peopl e who do not know the meaning, this kind of smile will make them unhappy even produce antipathy. A Chinese student went to a American family and sent present to the child of this family,when he beckon to the little boy, yet the boy back off him. The hand movement is very abundant and with infective. Every gesture has its particular function. In the case, the Chinese student used Chinese gesture, which palm facing down and making a scratching motion with fingers to beckon. This is different in America that means to go away. When they let somebody to close up, their palm facing up or only move index finger. This is opposite to Chinese and may bring Chinese peoples repulsion. V. Conclusion After the briefly analysis of the analysis of body language in intercultural communications, we have a knowledge about the relationship between culture and language, and the influence of body language in the communication. The body language in our daily life is incalculable. Every one can use his body to represent himself. Body language is the same as verbal language to be the carrier of culture that may cause misunderstanding in the international communication because of culture difference. As an English major, to understand the culture of the target language is very important. Having the knowledge of body language will be helpful to us in intercultural communication.

Russias Fight for Identity Essay -- Geopolitics, History

In 1829, Petr Chaadeav began to write his Philosophical letters. He initiated Russia’s search for national identity. He was a major figure in the development of Russian intellectual history. The impact of the letter shook and changed the thinking of Russia. It argued that Russia was worthless and socially behind. Chaadeav was very harsh in his letter and appears to be bias. He made valid points but they are not entirely true. The evidence shows that Russia was indeed a bit imitative but they were not the only country in search for national identity. Though Chaadeav’s letter was very harsh, it gave Russia a sense of originality. Russia established their identity and is distinguished by their culture. Russia’s literature and art was big contribution to the world’s progress though they were seen to be unoriginal. Petr Chaadeav summarized his nation’s history as â€Å"a brutal barbarism to begin with, followed by an age of gross superstition, then by a ferocious and humiliating foreign domination. † He continued by sayong â€Å"we are alone in the world, we have given nothing to the world, we have taught it nothing. We have not added a single idea to the sum total of human ideas; we have not contributed to the progress of the human spirit. † The Letter electrified Russian creativity: Many called Chaadeav insane, but he was very intellectual. Chaadeav’s statement about law codes â€Å"No one has a fixed sphere of existence; there are no proper habits, no rules that govern anything † insisted that Russia’s law codes were non-existent. This is not entirely true. As stated in the previous paragraphs, the Table of Ranks is a prime example implemented by Peter the Great. Laws made by Catherine and the â€Å"Russkaia Pravda † are also great examples of law... ... country in history is truly original. Every country has taken ideas from another. Whether its religion, law codes, slaves, etc.no idea truly belongs to on country. Works Cited Kaiser, Daniel H., and Gary Marker. Reinterpreting Russian history: readings, 860-1860's. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. Print. (tags: none | edit tags) Kaiser, Daniel H., and Gary Marker. "Society: The Lowere and Middling Estates." Reinterpreting Russian history: readings, 860-1860's. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. 295. Print. (tags: none | edit tags) "Polnoe sobranie sochinenii i izbrannye pis'ma,." Russian Intellectual History: An Anthology.. Moscow: Nathaniel Knight , 1991. 90, 92-93. Print. (tags: none | edit tags) Turgenev, Ivan Sergeevich. Sketches from a hunter's album. Complete ed. London, England: Penguin Books, 1990. Print. (tags: none | edit tags)

Gattaca Essay Writing Notes

‘Gattaca presents a world destroyed by the pursuit of perfection. ‘ Do you agree? * What is the pursuit of perfection? * How is the world destroyed? * What is gattaca? 1) Everyone is the same there are no individuals – the people are sexless, no personality 2) The pursuit of perfection leaves people believing that their genetic make up is what lets them achieve their ambitions, they have low self esteem.People who fail to achieve perfectionism can suffer from a lot of mental pressure; also difficult to seek the much needed help from other people as people dislike to be seen as imperfect 3) Segregates the valids from the in-valids because valids are seen as perfection and in-valids, vermin. – lack of empathy and compassion. People who are not perfect are disadvantagd eg. Kids wanting to go to kinder Gattaca, the â€Å"not too distant† future world of Andrew Niccol, is a world that is destroyed by the pursuit of perfection due to the science of genetic selection.This is often resembled by the fact that there are no individuals, the beings in this movie are almost sexless, have a limited personality and behave in a uniform manner. It also leaves people believing that their genetic makeup is what allows them to achieve their ambitions, or in the case of Irene and Vincent, prevent them from achieving their life goals. Genetic selection also segregates the valids, people who have had their genetics chosen, and the in-valids, children from ‘faith births’ where their genetic selection was left up to fate.In today’s world, everyone is accepted as an individual and is nurtured; however in Gattaca, individuality almost ceases to exist. Society may be perceived as sexless and uniform, physically and emotionally. The people also lack personality and emotion; everyone acts the same, dresses the same and rarely show emotion. Throughout the movie whilst inside the world of Gattaca the true colours of various characters are r arely revealed.It isn’t until Vincent and Irene’s date that we see the real personality of both of these characters as they let loose and accept eachother for who they are despite the fact that both have imperfections, which often prevent them from being themselves and achieving their goals. The pursuit of perfection leaves the people of Gattaca believing that their genetic makeup is what can allow, or prevent them from achieving their ambitions. In this futuristic world, your blood is your resume â€Å"Blood has no nationality.As long as it has got what they’re looking for it’s the only passport you need†. As long as you have no imperfections and obtain the qualities that are required for a certain job you are almost guaranteed to get it. However in the case of Vincent, his genetics were determined by fate and the people around him always said that he would never be able to achieve his ambition of one day going into space because of his imperfecti ons as an in-valid. Early on he was told by one of the head’s of Gattaca â€Å"‘Look, the only way you will see the inside of a spaceship is if you’re cleaning it. . This quote only fuelled Vincent to strive until he won his battle. Vincent was strong and determined, even as a young child, and he went to massive lengths to ensure that he could live his life to the full, â€Å"So began the process of becoming Jerome† despite the fact that the pursuit of perfection caused his kind, in-valids, and valids to become strongly segregated and he suffered from a large amount of mental pressure. Genetic selection also causes a segregation issue in Gattaca.Valids, the people in society who have had their imperfections eliminated from their bodies, and In-valids, people who were born what is known today as â€Å"naturally† where their genetics are left up to fate. â€Å"We now have discrimination down to a science†. In-valids are treated as vermin and a re not accepted as a part of society. When the members of Gattaca are onto the fact that there is an in-valid working at the space station, * ‘We now have discrimination down to a science. ’ Intro must include:  Text/film title author/director, your response to the topic/contention (response to the question) Eg.In Niccol’s â€Å"not too distant† future world of Gattaca, your genetic make-up often makes it impossible for many to live their dreams. However, Vincent Freeman shows us that with determination and luck, ti is possible to achieve your ambitions. Other more genetically, able characters such as Anton, Irene and Jerome show that genes don’t always guarantee success. Para 1:  In the world of Gattaca, those with inferior genetic makeup generally find it close to impossible to control their destinies.Para 2:  Even those with superior genetic make-up sometimes struggle to achieve their goals in such a ‘perfect’ world. Eg. Irene, Anton, Jerome. (Lamars son) Para 3:  Genetic make-up can be overcome with determination and an element of luck. Eg. Vincent once he finds Jerome. Conclusion:  Sum up your contention – Avoid word for word re-stating it. Relate back to the question/essay topic and do not bring up new topics. *conclusion, not the same as contention, 40-50 words maximum *avoid saying â€Å"its impossible† and being too overpowering

Fiction for Genealogy Lovers - Fictional Books with a Genealogy Theme